1.State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430048, China;2.Sichuan Energy Internet Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Chengdu 610213, China;3.Shanghai NIO Automobile Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201103, China;4.National Key Laboratory of New Power System Operation and Control (Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China

As the coordinated operation of main grids and distribution networks in new power systems continues to deepen, the response demands of virtual power plants (VPPs) in multi-level power grids are showing a multi-dimensional development trend, making the dynamic allocation of limited aggregated capacity pivotal. To address the problems of high resource occupancy rates, low utilization efficiency, and difficulties in multi-time-series coordination caused by traditional proportional allocation methods, this paper takes VPPs integrated with aggregated photovoltaic-energy storage battery swapping station (BSS) as its research object. A bottom-up capacity allocation method for heterogeneous resources is introduced in the dynamic construction to achieve a “low-resource, high-efficiency” response strategy. First, this paper constructs a linear modeling framework for a photovoltaic-energy storage BSS, considering the dynamic boundaries of aggregated capacity. Then, based on Minkowski sum and approximation techniques, the normative extraction of feasibility regions for heterogeneous resources is realized. Finally, with the objective of maximizing the utilization of individual feasibility regions, a bi-level planning dynamic allocation model is established based on the affine transformations of feasibility regions. The original non-deterministic polynomial problem is reformulated into a linear optimization problem by employing Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and the McCormick convex envelope relaxation method, which significantly improves the solution efficiency of the VPP construction process. On this basis, considering the high-frequency volatility of regulation commands and the time-varying operational parameters of swapping stations, a dynamic regulation strategy for real-time secondary frequency regulation is proposed to achieve a closed-loop linkage from “offline capacity allocation” to “online dynamic regulation”. A validation scenario is established based on Hubei power grid in China to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed strategy in engineering practice.